Salmonella Treatment

It's happened to most of us… you enjoy a seemingly harmless meal only to find yourself sprinting to the bathroom a few hours later. While you're dealing with the miserable physical symptoms brought on by a case of food poisoning, you may find yourself wondering, "what caused this and how do I make myself feel better?" Causes Food poisoning is caused by eating contaminated food. Our food is handled in many different places — from the farm to the grocery store to the kitchen it's prepared in — so there are a lot of opportunities for it to become contaminated with bacteria, a virus, a parasite, or some kind of toxin. Some of the most common causes of food poisoning include salmonella, E. coli , norovirus, and hepatitis A. Around 48 million people in the United States are stricken with food poisoning each year, often because of something as simple as undercooked food...

Stomach flu, also known as norovirus infection, is a contagious illness that can affect people regardless of age. The infectious disease often spreads in areas where people are in close contact for long periods, like cruise ships or prisons. Because many different types of norovirus exist, it's possible to contract the virus multiple times in a lifetime. It can be challenging to prevent this very transmissible illness, but you can take steps to try and prevent it. This article will cover how the stomach flu spreads, different strategies for prevention, how to treat it at home, and when to see a doctor.   Catherine McQueen / Getty Images What Is It? Norovirus or stomach flu is a contagious sickness. While people often call it the stomach flu, it's not related to the seasonal flu virus. Its symptoms are mainly gastrointestinal (related to the digestive system) and include: Diarrhea Nausea and vomiting  ...

DayZ immerses you in a post-apocalyptic world where you have to cope with numerous everyday challenges. Considering that it's a survival game, there are various diseases you can contract if you neglect your character's well-being. For instance, your character can contract a cold, which can lead to coughing and sneezing. While it isn't a critical condition, the symptoms can give away your position and put you at risk of other assailants. To help you prevent this scenario, we'll give you a detailed guide on how to cure a cold. How to Cure a Cold in DayZ A simple way to determine if your character has caught a cold is to check their temperature. Inspect the thermometer icon in the bottom-right corner of the screen. If the thermometer is dark-blue, you're running a risk of contracting the cold. To help lower the chances of catching a cold, always keep some food on you to raise your body temperature. To confirm whether you have a cold, pay attention ...

Credit: CC0 Public Domain Researchers at UC Davis have discovered a signaling mechanism that allows bacteria like Salmonella to evade destruction by the host's immune system. Intracellular bacteria like Salmonella can infect macrophages, a type of immune cell. The Salmonella triggers the death of the host macrophage. It then tricks other immune cells into safely delivering them into another macrophage rather than destroying them. "The Salmonella outmaneuvers host defenses by using one of our best weapons and turning it against us. It is kind of ingenious," said Andreas Bäumler, senior author of the study. Bäumler is vice-chair of research and professor in the ...

Strep throat is an infection in the throat and tonsils caused by bacteria called group A Streptococcus , also known as Streptococcus pyogenes . This group of bacteria can also cause other infections, including scarlet fever, pneumonia, sepsis, toxic shock syndrome, and necrotizing fasciitis, which can be life-threatening. While strep throat only accounts for a small number of sore throats, it is generally more common in children (ages 5 to 15) than adults. This article will explore how strep throat is contagious, its causes, risk factors, treatment, and prevention. Jim Craigmyle / Getty Images Is Strep Throat Contagious? Strep throat is highly contagious and can spread quickly from person to person through close contact. Individuals with strep throat can be contagious for a few days before they start showing symptoms. This means that someone who has not gotten sick yet can spread the disease. How Do I Know If I Have Strep Throat? Common s...

Hives are a form of rash that can often appear when the body responds to a trigger. They can occur anywhere on the body. Hives are particularly common on the arms and legs because the limbs have more exposure to external factors. Hives, or urticaria, are raised rashes that can develop as red or purplish spots or patches. The rashes are often itchy and uncomfortable. Hives typically occur when mast cells, which are part of the immune system, trigger an allergic reaction by releasing histamine into the skin. Histamine is a chemical messenger that the immune system releases in response to an injury or allergic reaction. Mast cells cause hives and control how long they remain. A similar process known as angioedema occurs when mast cells deeper in the skin release histamine. Hives can develop due to an allergic reaction to food, medication, or something in the environment, such as being licked by a dog or from non-allergic sources, such as infection or inflammation. Individual hives typica...

The number of foodborne outbreaks in Hong Kong declined this past year, according to recently released figures. Statistics cover outbreaks related to food premises and businesses that were reported to the Centre for Food Safety (CFS) of the Food and Environmental Hygiene Department in 2021. The CFS received 199 referrals of outbreaks that affected 608 people compared to 229 outbreaks with 632 patients in 2020. Vibrio climbs above Salmonella Bacterial foodborne agents remained the leading cause and were behind two thirds of outbreaks in 2021. Vibrio parahaemolyticus overtook Salmonella as the top agent responsible for illnesses. Other causes were Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus and Clostridium perfringens. Viruses accounted for more than a quarter of food poisoning outbreaks, all being norovirus. A few incidents were linked to poisonous mushrooms and ciguatera. Contamination by raw food, consumption of raw f...

The National Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD) confirmed that access to testing for typhoid fever remains a huge challenge in many parts of South Africa. So far, two outbreaks have been reported as concerns about the quality of drinking water continue to rise. Dr. Juno Thomas, Head of the Centre for Enteric Diseases at NICD, said the two affected provinces are the Western Cape (WC) and North West (NW). She confirmed that testing for typhoid fever is difficult. "You can only test for typhoid by doing a blood culture. This kind of testing is not available at all levels of healthcare settings and is not a routine investigation. It is usually done for patients who are sick enough to be admitted to hospital and where there is access to laboratory diagnostics," she said. *Dumisani Mavundla, from Cape Town, suspected he had typhoid fever after consuming tap water. Up to this day, he still doesn't know if he had typhoid fever because testing facilities weren't ...

Anthocyanins are a group of antioxidants found in red, purple, and blue fruits and vegetables ( 1 ). They belong to the flavonoid family — the same family as the antioxidants found in wine, tea, and dark chocolate ( 2 ). Flavonoids are part of a larger group of antioxidants known as polyphenols, which are believed to help prevent or treat health conditions connected to inflammation and oxidative stress. These conditions include cancer, heart disease, and age-related mental decline ( 3 , 4 ). Foods containing anthocyanins have been used in natural remedies for generations. Studies increasingly support their purported health benefits ( 1 ). Anthocyanins extracted from plants are also commonly used as dyes, natural food colorants, and food additives. For instance, the commercial additive E163 is most commonly derived from grape skin and used to add a purple color to jam, candies, and beverages ( 1 ). SUMMARY Anthocyanins are a group of antioxidants found in red, purple, and blue veggies a...