Salmonella Treatment

1 Introduction Otomycosis, also known as otitis externa mycotica, is caused by the invasion or massive reproduction of opportunistic fungi and the production of secretions, increasing the complexity of treatment (1). Otomycosis is a common inflammatory lesion in otolaryngology that accounts for 10%–20% of ear canal infections (2). Otomycosis is very common in tropical and subtropical regions where the temperature and humidity are high (3). Frequent ear picking (4), chronic otitis media (5), and the use of antibiotics (6) all increase the incidence of otomycosis. Otomycosis can also cause symptoms such as ear itching, hearing impairment, and ear pain (7). A. niger or A. flavus complex in the genus Aspergillus spp., and Candida albicans , Candida parapsilosis in the genus Candida spp. have been reported to be common causative agents of otomycosis (8, 9). However, the fungal community involved in otomycosis varies with region, climate and patient immune status (10). For example, ...

Every time a mosquito bites a person, multiple feasts take place. As in most animals, a meal provides nutrients to the mosquito as well as to the troop of bacteria that inhabits its gut. Occasionally, the mosquito may also ingest a parasite: a Plasmodium protozoan responsible for malaria in humans, or an arbovirus, which can cause dengue, chikungunya, Zika, or yellow fever.   The pathogen is just along for the ride, but those first hours after being ingested are crucial for its survival. The parasite develops in the insect's midgut lumen, and any interference during this period may hamper its future survival and transmission.  When the mosquito ingests blood, the number of bacteria in its midgut increases dramatically. "That's easy to understand because they use the nutrients of the blood to multiply," noted Marcelo Jacobs-Lorena, a malaria researcher at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. "You have a few parasites surrounded b...

Share this: If you've been bit by a stomach bug lately, you're not alone. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is reporting significant norovirus activity across the country, especially in the West and Northeast.  The latest trend reports show that in the West region, more than 12% of tests for norovirus were coming back positive, while that number was more than 13% in the Northeast. Activity in the Midwest and Southern regions was slightly lower, with around 10% of tests coming back positive. Noroviruses are usually more widespread in the fall and winter, but you can get sick from the virus any time of the year. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) says norovirus is the leading cause of vomiting and diarrhea from acute gastroenteritis in the U.S. Norovirus infection, sometimes referred to as stomach flu, is unrelated to the flu caused by the i...

A recent E. coli outbreak in the United Kingdom (previously covered by Food Poisoning News here and here), traced to contaminated lettuce, has claimed its first life in England. The UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) reported that while two individuals died within 28 days of infection, one death is likely connected to the Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) infection. Both deceased individuals had underlying medical conditions and passed away in May, according to Sky News. The outbreak has affected 275 people across the UK, with England reporting 182 cases, Scotland 58, Wales 31, and Northern Ireland 4. At least 122 people have required hospitalization for treatment. While new infections are declining, health officials expect more cases to emerge as testing and genome sequencing continue. Lettuce has been identified as the probable source of the outbreak, leading to the recall of various sandwiches, wraps, and salads from major retail chains. The specific strain involved, ...

White blood cells (blue) attack two Klebsiella bacteria (pink) in this colorized scanning electron microscopic image. Credit: David Dorward/NIAID The microbiome, the microorganisms that populate our intestines and aid in digestion, weighs around one and a half kilograms. It primarily consists of bacteria and provides protective effects against pathogens entering our digestive system through food, for example. An international team led by Dr. Lisa Osbelt-Block and Prof. Till Strowig, both from the Helmholtz Center for Infection Research (HZI) in Braunschweig, investigated the mechanisms by which the microbiome counters a Salmonella infection. Among other findings, they discovered that bacteria of the Klebsiella oxytoca species in particular exert pressure on Salmonella in several ways. Eventually, these findings could one day be used to ...

Background Chagas disease (also known as American trypanosomiasis) is a neglected infectious disease caused by a protozoan parasite ( Trypanosoma cruzi) . Chagas disease, which is on the WHO list of neglected tropical diseases and can be fatal, occurs predominantly in the Americas; much of Central and South America is endemic for the disease. The life cycle of this parasite is complicated, and transmission to people can occur via a variety of routes. These include: vector-borne transmission (via an infected triatomine (reduviid bug) vector defecating into a skin abrasion, usually following a blood meal), transplacental transmission, blood transfusion from an infected donor, organ transplant from an infected donor, laboratory accident, and foodborne transmission.  The latter of these routes (foodborne transmission) may occur due to ingestion of meat or blood from infected animals or from ingestion of other foods that has been contaminated by infected vectors or secretions from ...

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